Research Ethics

Research Ethics

Research involving human participants or animals must report the ethical clearance number and year issued by the relevant ethics committee. For research with minimal or negligible risk, a self-declaration of ethical compliance by the authors, approved by the reviewers or the editors, may replace the ethical clearance document.

For research involving human participants, authors must state that informed consent was obtained and that participants' privacy and confidentiality were protected. Manuscripts that report such research without the required statement are returned to the authors before review.

The journal follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines and the Publication Ethics of Al-Madaris. Fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, unauthorised authorship, multiple submission, and undisclosed conflicts of interest are treated as breaches of research ethics.