Artificial Intelligence Policy

Policy on the Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Authors. AI tools (including large language models) cannot be listed as authors and cannot take responsibility for a work. Authors must disclose any use of AI in writing, translating, analysing data, or generating figures, naming the tool and describing how it was used. Basic spelling and grammar checkers do not require disclosure. Authors remain fully responsible for the originality, accuracy, citations, and integrity of their manuscript. Every published article carries an AI Use Statement stating whether AI was used.

Editors. Editors must disclose AI assistance in editorial work. AI must not replace scholarly judgement or editorial decisions. Manuscripts and reviewer reports must not be uploaded to AI tools that could store or reuse the content.

Reviewers. Reviewers must not use AI to analyse, evaluate, or draft review comments, and must not upload a manuscript or any part of it to an AI application. Manuscripts are confidential documents.

Breaches. Undisclosed AI use or breaches of this policy are handled under our Publication Ethics and Retraction policies.